Hokkien

' '''

Ta n -ki : Chinese spirit-medium worship (among the Hokkien = southern Min, in Fu-kien / Fu-jian)

p. 11 [Hokkien] /Ta n -ki/ = [Mandarin] /Ji-to n /

pp. 34-36 rites in the Z^ou-li (‘Zhou’s Rites’) section of the Li-ji (‘Rites Book’)

 

p. 37 "In Han times, 120 young boys holding twirl-drums and dancers wearing animal costumes attended the fang xiang shi. By Sui ... times, the youthful troupe of boys had been doubled to 240".

pp. 28-29, 32 magicians during S^a n & Z^ou times

 

pp. 88, 136 prohibitions to women in reproductive conditions

 

p. 88 "At funerals of their mothers, sons drink red wine, which symbolizes the ... maternal blood."

pp. 30, 57-60, 86-89, 98-99 modes of spirit-possession

 

pp. 92-96 onset of mediumship

 

pp. 96-99 standard spirit-possession performance in ta n -ki worship

 

pp. 100-105 typical calendar of events for a 3-day ta n -ki festival

 

pp. 136, 142-143 marionette theatre

 

p. 45 "Taoists ... hold that god images ... are ... in fact true images of the gods given to man through direct divine inspiration. For, example, before starting on a new statue, an image carver will burn a talisman to invoke the god to appear in dreams. In this way the gods tell the image carver how to sculpt the real features of the god."

pp. 146-148 legends of Xia n -go n (as Tian) and of Hai Ji

 

p. 105 the 3 spirits guarding threshholds (marked by pink-colored buns) of the bridge crossed by Ji-go n the Mad Monk

 

p. 90 music for ta n -ki performance

 

pp. 60-61 costume worn by ta n -ki

 

pp. 64-74, 129-130 other paraphernalia used by ta n -ki

' '''

WS = Richard E. Strassburg (transl.) : Wandering Spirits. U of CA Pr, Berkeley, 2008.

p. 106 difference between wen & wu ta n -ki-s

 

p. 107 godly generals opposing baleful influences

 

pp. 54-55 Wa n Ye (Gods of Pestilence)

 

animal-deities (totems, mascots) & partly-animal deities

 

p. 88 "Tang-kis have been known ... to use the blood from a small wound made in the comb of a rooster in their exorcistic rituals. ... its blood if smeared on a demon in disguise (say a pretty maiden) is said to force the demon to reveal its true form."

pp. 82-83 the 2 maps on backs of animals which emerged from rivers

 

pp. 85-86 ritual dance by Yu the Great

 

pp. 46-54 various deities impersonated by (possessing) ta n -ki

 

pp. 129, 158 tour of Hell

 

journey to afterworld by souls of the dead

' '''

AMD = Edward Henry Knight : American Mechanical Dictionary. 1881.

p. 89 visit to the netherworld by ta n -ki

 

pp. 33-34, 108-110 torture (including self-torture)



 A = http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1800_1899/hinduism/ascetics/ascetics.html



'L&CU = John S. Strong : The Legend and Cult of Upagupta''. Motilal Banarsidass Publ, 1994. ''' http://books.google.com/books?id=bKq7k2DegjcC&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45&dq="five+fires"+ascetic+india&source=bl&ots=62aHhBdZON&sig=-irNdWTDAfG6AKPMKFbqgRne6zo&hl=en&ei=-LwSSuLTD5yltgfszvCWBA&sa=X&oi=b

 

Schafer, 1951 = Edward H. Schafer : "Ritual Exposure in Ancient China". In :- HARVARD JOURNAL OF ASIATIC STUDIES, vol 14. (1951), pp. 130-184.

Margaret Chan : Ritual is Theatre, Theatre is Ritual. SNP Reference (imprint of SNP International Publishing), Singapore, 2006. [authoress is wife to John]